2010), the landscape-mosaic model remains the dominant paradigm (Kupfer 2012, With 2019). While other landscapes may be better described by a gradient-based description of landscape structure (McGarigal et al. 2015), especially in human-dominated landscapes where the distinction between different land-cover classes is rather clear-cut (Lausch et al. These include a straightforward application and communication (McGarigal et al. a landscape mosaic, Forman and Godron 1986, Forman 1995, Wiens 1995) which has several benefits. Typically, landscapes are characterized as discrete patches of different land-cover classes (i.e.
#WINDOW TIDY VERSUS MOSAIC HOW TO#
Thereby, one major challenge is how to describe and quantify landscape characteristics (Turner 2005, Lausch et al. Understanding how landscape characteristics affect ecological processes and the spatial distribution of species and communities is central to ecology (Turner 1989, 2005, Kupfer 2012). These new developments should help with the integration of landscape analysis in ecological research, given that ecologists are increasingly using R for the statistical analysis, modelling and visualization of spatial data. In so doing, we demonstrate the many advantages of the package, especially its easy integration into large workflows. We demonstrate the usage and advantages of landscapemetrics by analysing the influence of different sampling schemes on the estimation of landscape metrics. Lastly, we provide building-blocks to motivate the development and integration of new metrics in the future. Additionally, the package provides many utility functions to visualize, extract, and sample landscape metrics.
#WINDOW TIDY VERSUS MOSAIC SOFTWARE#
This allows pre-processing of land-cover maps or further statistical analysis without importing and exporting the data from and to different software environments. To facilitate the integration into large workflows, landscapemetrics is based on a well-established spatial framework in R. The package includes an extensive collection of commonly used landscape metrics in a tidy workflow. We present landscapemetrics, an open-source R package that overcomes many constraints of existing landscape metric software.
![window tidy versus mosaic window tidy versus mosaic](https://i.pinimg.com/originals/c7/eb/99/c7eb99fcee4a17e985c11b4c6e4696f0.jpg)
Existing software to calculate landscape metrics has several constraints, such as being limited to a single platform, not being open-source or involving a complicated integration into large workflows. Landscape metrics are a widely used tool for the analysis of patch-based, discrete land-cover classes. Quantifying landscape characteristics and linking them to ecological processes is one of the central goals of landscape ecology.